This chapter is. 11) becomes Z(z) = Z 0 1 + Le2j z. Nist, KQ6QV has free software for calculating arbitrary transmission line impedance, as well. Textbook - Waveguides:. λ is the wavelength of the signal in free space. Calculates the characteristic impedance and per-unit-length inductance, capacitance, resistance and attenuation of transmission line geometries. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. Home; Engineering; Electrical; Reflection coefficient (ρ) calculator - step by step calculation, formula & solved example problem to find how much of an electrical wave reflected by an impedance discontinuity in the transmission line or medium. ) A description of the. Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator Calculate dimensions and edge impedance for desired resonant frequency. Equation. Wide Trace Over Plane. This not only ensures optimum functionality of your board but also speeds up the design process. Voltage Standing Wave Ration (VSWR) The voltage standing wave ratio is the magnitude of a standing wave caused by a mismatch impedance. The presence of standing waves in a transmission line means part of the incident signal is being reflected back to the source. Even more exotic and rare in the audio. Solved Example. An example follows. The software also has some capabilities for predicting transmission line losses as well. This Bandwidth, Rise Time and Critical Length Calculator will assist you to compute these important characteristics with ease. VR = Receiving end phase voltage. Transmission Lines In an AC power system, a TL will operate at some frequency f; e. For an ideal system, reflected power is zero, so return loss is infinity (∞). Volume Calculator For Sphere Loudspeaker Casing. 2, and Section 2. Compared to waveguides, microstrip is generally has a lower power handling capacity, and higher losses due to the fact that it is not enclosed. View All Tools. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. = 10000 x (7000/ (2000 + 7000)) Vterm = 7. 5 16-19 53 - 62. This transmission line calculator calculates the impedance at input and attenuation of a given transmission line once terminated with the given load. RF calculations and conversions include metric-standard, link. Antenova's all-new GCPW transmission line calculator has been engineered to give you quick, easy and flexible options when it comes to selecting the optimum dimensions of. Useful converters and calculators. Technical Losses. 3. There are some advantages to using a. Johnson, McGraw-Hill 1963 p155. g. One of the most common types of transmission line, coaxial cable. Velocity of propagation (U) & sinusoidal frequency (f) are the key elements of this calculation. Frequency: Frequency at which the stripline is analyzed or. With our handy calculator, you can choose from 50 Ohm, 75 Ohm, 93 Ohm and 95 Ohm coaxial cables. Z0 = V~+ 0 I~+ 0 = R + jωL γ Z0 = −V~− 0 I~− 0 = R + jωL γ (8) (9) (8) Z 0. The model uses an infinitesimally small section of a transmission line with four elements as shown below. These values are. It renders fairly accurate results suitable for use in circuit board manufacturing and engineering analysis. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. TX-LINE: Transmission Line Calculator Cadence/AWR. 946 for silver, or 1. This transmission line calculator. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of. The same diagram and procedure can be used to terminate a drive and a load with different. There are some advantages to using a microstrip transmission line over other alternatives. Under common mode driving (same magnitude, same polarity), the even mode impedance is the impedance of one transmission line in the pair. Download Multiple dielectric impedance calculator for free. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident. In this ideal scenario, no power is lost, and the VSWR value is 1 : 1, which signifies 100% transmission of the input power from the source. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. 1 shows the tapered transmission line matching section, where Z 1 and Z 2 are the two impedances to match. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. 1 to 100 MHz or 1 to 1000 MHz. Calculate the Displacement Volume for Your Driver. This is particularly noticeable at 110hz. LPARA, an existing software at The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC), has been. If this were a load on the line, we recognize from transmission-lineNovember 15, 2023 by Rafay Javed. This video demonstrates the. Equation Source: Ulaby "Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics". Figure 1. Also, what is the magnitude of the average reflected power if |Vo|=1? 3- Make sure you understand the slotted line problem. Mr. As a result, it doesn’t cost too much. This form of microstrip is composed of two traces. The Smith chart is essentially a graphical calculator for solving transmission line problems. Transmission Line Calculator. IEE Proc. 765-kV transmission line with aluminum guyed-V towers (Courtesy of American Electric Power Company) 4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS I n this chapter, we discuss the four basic transmission-line parameters: series resistance, series inductance. Reference: R. Microstrip Patch Antennas (or simply patch antenna) are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. 1 to 100 MHz or 1 to 1000 MHz. Today, transmission lines exist in a variety of forms, many of which are. The round-wire geometries are loops of wire with various shapes. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagnetic interference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. This web page allows you to calculate the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the trace along with the dielectric thickness and constant of the coupled line. The diagram below shows how to implement a quarter-wave line for impedance matching between a transmission line and a real load impedance. 4: Lumped-Element Model. This is a calculator for designing a Dual Fold On-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. Z = Impedance of circuit element (i. A calculator of this type has been constructed to facilitate the solution of transmission -line problems, and is shown in Fig. Thickness: Thickness of the microstrip conductor. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. A commonly-encountered form of parallel wire transmission line is 300 Ω 300 Ω twin-lead. end Resonances on open transmission line. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. T T = trace thickness. Equation (12. A graphical explanation of energy flow in a practical transmission line. 1 7. To set this property, set Parameter to 'Inductance'. Get up-to-date information on products and solutions by opting in to receive emails from us. Height: Height of the substrate. 44 x A0. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of. The input impedance seen at the other end will be a tangential function of the coil’s electrical length. Transfer Capability Enhancement of Transmission Line Using Static VAR Compenstator. Radford in Wireless World magazine. But there's an even easier Method B. Example Formula. Microstrip Characteristic ImpedanceDielectric loss in a PCB transmission line. 1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. Using the Microwaves101 microstrip calculator, we see that 50 ohms on 10 mil alumina corresponds to 9. 082 Ω. Select the box with the. Transmission lines are used to guide waves of alternating current and voltage at radio. 3 relates the RLGC transmission line model to the properties of a medium. Free Windows program for calculating the loss and impedance transformation. 7 Transmission Line Equations V V e V e I ZTransmission line theory is a cornerstone in the teaching of RF and microwave engineering. Line Type: Belden 8215 (RG-6A) Belden 8237 (RG-8) Belden 9913 (RG-8) Belden 9258 (RG-8X) Belden 8213 (RG-11) Belden 8261 (RG-11A) Belden 8240 (RG-58) Belden. The below step by step solved example problem may helpful for users to understand how the input values are being used in such calculations to find the lossless transmission line surge or characteristic impedance Z 0. This is entirely different from leakage resistance of the dielectric separating the two conductors, and the metallic resistance of the wires themselves. A number of the ideas were borrowed from TL. Twisted Pair Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. Define an ideal, non-radiating transmission line. The generalized lumped-element model of a transmission line can be used to calculate characteristic impedance, phase velocity, and both parts of the propagation constant (phase and attenuation). 0 spreadsheet format, (~10K zip file). Then add the transmission line and note the new "Slice Max Gain". A BASE = Base Amps. First described by Paul Voigt in 1930, TQWT/QWT uses like a transmission line design pipe lenght of 1/4 wavelenght of driver's resonance frequency. It is the evolution of the AIRDAMP model, whose development, and the principles that allow it to work, are illustrated in the above-mentioned article. Overview: This is a calculator for designing a Single Fold Off-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. "Mitering" the bend chops off some capacitance, restoring the line back to it's original characteristic impedance. In the network schematic view, connect the transmission line to a port, other transmission lines or general networks. 2 | TRANSMISSION LINE CALCULATOR About the Transmission Line Calculator Transmission lines are used to guide waves of alternating current and voltage at radio frequencies and have been used for more than 150 years, starting with the first telegraph cables in the 1850s. Therefore, for distribution lines and most transmission lines, the mi dspan span conductor sag is approximated by the first term of the above equation. Set Parameters as Desired. The Transmission Line Parameter Calculator app computes resistance (R), inductance (L), conductance (G), and capacitance (C) as well as the characteristic impedance and propagation constant for some common transmission lines types: coaxial line, twin lead, microstrip line, and coplanar waveguide (CPW). When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . h is the height of the microstrip line above the ground plane. Transmission Line parameter calculator tool. A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. You need to enter the substrate parameters (dielectric constant and height), the frequency of interest, and the physical parameters (width and length) of the microstrip line. The GUI has been ported from the GIMP toolkit (GTK) to Qt. 3. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. Calculates the resistance, inductance and capacitance per unit length. 1 is the input impedance of a lossless transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0 and which is terminated into a load ZL. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. The coax is a good way to create a transmission line. James F. By inputting the dielectric constant and height of your PCB, a graph appears displaying the relationship between the gap and width of the. Characteristic impedance is purely a function of the capacitance and. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. The user will select the circuit materials and the circuit construction, after which the software will determine the predicted impedance and other electrical information. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. A transmission line is any physical cable with a length more than 10% of the shortest wavelength being transmitted: Transmission lines exhibit stray capacitance and inductance. The input impedance, Zin, of the shorted microstrip line is shown in Figure 3. –Smith Chart and Tx-Line • A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance Z 0 = 100 and length ℓ= 0. The normalized input impedance for that transmission line is read from the Smith Chart to be 1 - j0. The measured impedance of the real transmission line starts high and drops as we goThe calculator shown below uses Wadell’s equations for differential impedance, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. cables in the 1850s. The PowerWorld Transmission Line Parameter Calculator (TransLineCalc) is a tool designed to compute characteristic line parameters given the type of conductor and the tower configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. The Smith Chart is simply a graphical calculator for computing impedance as a function of re ection coe cient z = f(ˆ) More importantly, many problems can be easily visualized with the Smith Chart This visualization leads to a insight about the behavior of transmission lines All the knowledge is coherently and compactly represented by the. It supports both balanced and unbalanced lines. David Kirkby (G8WRB), who works at the department of Medical Physics, University College London. QucsStudio does definitely have a better transmission line calculator, although all of those tools are completely separate so you can just lift the binary itself out of the package. Our waveguides are low loss transmission lines capable of handling high power with high isolation. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. real power, reactive power, and current flow in each transmission line and transformer. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of an edge-coupled microstrip. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) RF Microstrip Calculator with Formulas. All of these consist of two metallic domains, arranged in various configurations. I need your valuable prescription. Reflection coefficient. The Sierra Circuits Impedance Calculator uses the 2D numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations for PCB transmission lines. A microstrip patch antenna is one of the most popular microwave antennas. Example 7. Transmission line loss can be calculated using the following formula: Loss = I 2 × R. This tool calculates the impedance, propagation delay, inductance and capacitance of a twisted pair transmission line with two conductors. Transmission lines tend to be larger than ported enclosures of approximately comparable performance, due to the size and length. The edge couple differential microstrip transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. 2. Recently I needed to approximate a cable with the following insertion loss for a 25 cm long strip: The approximation was required for an IBIS. Calculate the Effect of Additional Mass on the Thiele-Small Parameters. The NIST site offers a variety of free software, including various on-wafer calibration software (MultCal, for TRL and LRM), transmission line calculators, uncertainty calculators etc. Microstrip Transmission Line Models. These radio frequency calculators help with unit conversion, attenuator design, antenna design, radars, and various other basic calculators. Get up-to-date information on products and solutions by opting in to receive emails from us. There are four different types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. 45 for gold. An online transmission line calculator is a web-based tool that allows users to calculate various parameters associated with transmission lines. Step by step calculation. Microstrip Characteristic Impedance The input impedance, Zin, of the shorted microstrip line is shown in Figure 3. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: Transmission Line Impedance Calculator. Kenneth L. Frequency. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. Circuit models can be used to approximate coupling. The Sierra Circuits Impedance Calculator uses the 2D numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations for PCB transmission lines. The difference between those two values is the power that was lost in. QucsTranscalc is the transmission line tool used by Qucs. Oregon State University ECE391– Transmission Lines Spring Term 2014 Propagation Speeds for Typical Dielectrics Dielectric Rel. Enter system voltage (kilovolts rms, maximum): Enter maximum transient overvoltage (per unit)( 1): Altitude (in meters): Phase-to-ground exposure. Solved Example. Line above plane. to NF. some spacers to place periodically along the wire, positioned to maintain a relatively constant spacing. The. 2. It allows calculation of basic parameters like strip width, spacing etc. Satellite Look Angle Calculator. Antennas (Home) We are now ready to determine the input impedance of a transmission line of length L attached to a load (antenna) with impedance ZA. A Clemson ECE635 Project by Adam Schreiber and Jason Byers. 0 Conductor Type This section is used to add, remove, rename, and edit the information related to the conductor types. It is used to design and fabricate RF and microwave components such as directional coupler, power divider/combiner, filter, microstrip patch antenna, MMIC etc. The nice part about coax is that it can be bent and flexible unlike most pcb transmission lines. A two part calculator which gives ideal and preferred value resistors, showing most formulas used and a link to the others. Smith, the originator of the Smith Chart. 19. Multiple dielectric transmission line calculator using a 2D field solver to compute the transmission line characteristics from the circuit trace dimensions entered by the user. e. H. For 25 ohms, we calculate 31 mils line width and 7. This can be done in two ways: using the form for an individual conductor type, or using the table for all the conductor types available. Pasternack's Waveguide Calculator provides the cutoff frequency,. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. Integrated Transmission Line Impedance Calculators. 292774 = (0. Here, the output of the transmission line is terminated in a capacitor of value C. The article postulated that energy from the rear of a driver unit could be essentially absorbed, without damping the cone's motion or superimposing internal reflections and resonance, so. Where: Z0 Z 0 = characteristic impedance of the asymmetric stripline in ohms (Ω). R is the resistance of the line, which can be calculated based on the wire's length, cross-sectional area (related to wire gauge), and material. We will specify these quantities on a per-unit-length basis. Where, P A = Power output of Port 2. Black dots represent electrons, and the arrows show the electric field. Pasternack waveguides are structures for guiding electromagnetic waves, often called a waveguide transmission line. TLDetails includes a plot function that allows you to plot the matched line loss, the true velocity factor, or the true characteristic impedance magnitude, over a frequency range of either 0. This enables you to foresee the design challenges and make the required tweaks to achieve the desired. Where: Loss is the power lost in the transmission line. Thickness: Thickness of the stripline conductor. Critical length depends on the allowed impedance deviation between the line and its target impedance. Transmission line calculators. Since the argument of the complex exponential factors is 2βl, the frequency. Technical losses are unavoidable physical effects of energy transmission and can be reduced to acceptable levels, with a major share of technical losses on. Transmission line data is entirely stored in the database table, and adding new transmission lines is just a matter of inserting rows in the database table. The Smith Chart graphically maps S11=reflection coefficient= (ZL-Z0)/ (ZL+Z0) to Load Impedance (ZL), normalized to Z0 (source impedance = center of chart). A Clemson ECE635 Project by Adam Schreiber and Jason Byers. Coax Cable Transmission Line Models. Microstrip Line Calculator Analyze or synthesize a microstrip line based on substrate parameters and frequency. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of coplanar waveguide with ground or microstrip lines with signal side ground plane can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. The input impedance of a transmission line with arbitrary terminating impedance is zL = ZL Z0 0 = zL − 1 zL 1 = ∣ ∣ e j L = 2 f c r = 2 r Z ¿ = Z0 1 e −2 j L 1− e −2 j L We will use the Smith Chart to ease the calculation of this complex quantity. If the dielectric constant of the material is not known, you can choose to put in the velocity of. 0 value of the line to this point on the chart—50 Ω for a 50-Ω line, for example. Transmission lines take on many forms in order to accommodate particular applications. Quarter-wave impedance transformer placed between a transmission line with impedance Z0 and load with impedance ZL. This can be achieved by regulating the inner and outer diameter of the coaxial cable, along with the. g. +62 31 8914627 / Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. The basic calculation of transmission line protection (photo credit: acrastyle. The modeled long-distance transmission line selected for this work is an Aluminum Core Steel Reinforced (ACSR) line, as it is a traditionally used line-type for electrical transmission lines. Use our free online app Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator to determine all important calculations with parameters and constants. Perhaps the most common type of transmission line is the coax. Users need only specify the material. 1: 300 Ω 300 Ω twin-lead. Pasternack waveguides are structures for guiding electromagnetic waves, often called a waveguide transmission line. Sumit. 25 cm² converts to a diameter of 4. What's happening is that the output from the transmission line 'fills in' the dips. Several equations are presented here, and these equations describe ideal situations that do not account for the complex geometry of a real PCB. Click on Help in the Transmission Line Calculator for more information. The microstrip impedance calculator shown above uses Wadell’s equations for microstrip impedance, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. Microstrip line variants Types and basics of Microstrip line RF Terms-Useful for RF design and testing. The transmission line calculator allows the ability to analyze and synthesize transmission line physical and electrical characteristics. However, they are still a good place to start when designing transmission lines. This paper presents an advanced model for monitoring losses on a 400 kV over-head transmission line (OHL) that can be used for measured data verification and loss assessment. As we know that the definition of the return loss of a system is the ratio of incident power to reflected power. Formula to find β = 2π/λ. Z PU = Per Unit Impedance. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. μr μ r = relative permeability. When you need to calculate impedance and other parameters to determine transmission line losses, you can use the integrated field solver in the Layer Stack Manager in Altium Designer ®. The source resistance is 200ohms. This calculator will provide the speed of the vehicle based on transmission gear ratio, engine RPM, tire height, and the ring gear and pinion gear ratio in. This tool is designed to calculate the correct dimensions of a microstrip patch antenna if the operating frequency and the dielectric constant of the material used, is known. This is a calculator for designing a Dual Fold On-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. February 5, 2012 by Rolf Ostergaard. The user only needs to enter the attenuation in decibels (dB) and the given characteristic impedance of the transmission lines to be matched. At low frequencies near 0 GHz, the input impedance is inductive since. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. The propagation delay is the time a signal takes to propagate over a unit length of the transmission line. The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. W is the width of the microstrip trace. The tool uses the power_lineparam function to compute the line parameters based on the geometry of. And in the case of ladder line, SWR on the line doesn’t hurt a thing. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. Z 0 = Characteristic Impedance of the overall system. Lab1 - Transmission Lines Objective To learn transmission lines and time-domain refectometer (TDR). This page is published by Mike Banz, AA3RL as a service to the Amateur Radio community. In the first model, without a transmission line, make a note of the "Slice Max Gain" as shown in the 2D Plot window. The transmission line model is used in many of the loss calculations. This calculator uses the following formulas for converting the values between the VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. Microstrip line LINKS. -Gener. 3. ac lin 101 1m 1meg * Using “Nutmeg” program to plot analysis . Click on Setup -> Constraints > Electrical Constraints Set - > Differential Pair Value - > Calculator > If you put 10 in the Line Width, the calculator calculates the single ended as well as differential impedance. A 90° transmission line shorted at the far end acts like a parallel LC tank circuit. The resistance and reactance coordinates are marked as a ratio to Z 0 ; thus a marking of 1. Much of the diameter is taken up by the surround and mounting flange. Transmission Line Details by Dan AC6LA. Distrib. Z0 = Impedance of the transmission line is about ≈√L/C. The resistance and reactance coordinates are marked as a ratio to Z 0 ; thus a marking of 1. It is based on transcalc's latest CVS version with some minor fixes incorporated. It is suitable for the production of flat structure transmission lines of microwave integrated circuits. **Note: Like our microstrip line impedance. Wire Pair. The result also depends on the length and phase propagation constant of the line. Many methods exist to achieve the desired selectivity. This classic. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a spe-cific desired characteristic impedance Zc and made of parallel circular conduc-tors of a given diameter d. It supports both balanced and unbalanced lines. These. The line that's smoother is the combination of the cone and the transmission line. To use a calculator, you will need to input the following data: Conductor type and weight per unit length. The simplified test bench setup shown in the above figure is used to measure the cross talk between two microstrip lines on a grounded substrate. 4e-11 (default) | positive scalar. Calculate S-Parameters and Group Delay of Equation-Based Transmission Line. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. Figure 3. Inductance Calculator. Note: Units do not matter for this calculation as long as they are consistent. Z0,air Z 0, a i r = characteristic impedance of air. There seems to be many calculation errors or formula errors. The Transmission Line Calculator is a powerful tool for understanding and analyzing transmission line properties, including characteristic impedance, resistance,. In what does this inductance calculator differ from the rest? Dr. Depending on circuit sensitivity, the distributed. Transmission line v1 1 0 ac 1 sin rsource 1 2 75 t1 2 0 3 0 z0=75 td=1u rload 3 0 999meg . To use this tool, enter the values for. Open ended transmission line. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. The MWI-2017 Microwave Impedance Calculator software doesn’t. Propagation delay (t pd) in PCBs is the time taken by a signal to travel through a unit length of a transmission line . Recently I needed to approximate a cable with the following insertion loss for a 25 cm long strip: The approximation was required for an IBIS. Perhaps the most common type of transmission line is the coax. The transmission line geometries are cross sections and the values calculated are the inductance per unit length. New parameters have been added and accuracy has been improved. Importance of the Impedance Curve / Bass Reflex Alignment. VSWR is a parameter used by engineers to know the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and a device (like an antenna or a transmitter/receiver circuit). The edge couple differential microstrip transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. Meters Feet. Transmission Lines (TLs) A TL is a major component of an electrical power system. atlc - Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator (for transmission lines and directional couplers) by Dr. EXE by Dean Straw N6BV. Data Types: double. 2.